Syphilis (VDRL or RPR Test): Diagnosis & Early Detection

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications affecting the brain, heart, and other organs.

What is the VDRL and RPR Test?

The VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) tests are blood tests used to screen for syphilis. These tests detect antibodies your body produces in response to the infection.

When Should You Get Tested?

• After unprotected sex with a new partner
• During pregnancy (as part of routine prenatal care)
• If you show symptoms like sores, rash, or fever
• If your partner tests positive for syphilis

Symptoms of Syphilis

• Painless sores on genitals or mouth (primary stage)
• Skin rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes (secondary stage)
• Organ damage in late stages (if untreated)

How the Test is Done

A healthcare provider collects a small blood sample from your vein. Results usually come within a few days. If positive, confirmatory tests such as FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption) are done.

Interpreting Results

• Positive: Indicates current or past syphilis infection.

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