Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma Infections (PCR Test)
Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum are sexually transmitted bacteria that can infect the genital and urinary tracts in both men and women. These microorganisms are difficult to detect with traditional methods, so a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is the most accurate way to diagnose them.
What Are Mycoplasma & Ureaplasma?
- Mycoplasma genitalium: Causes urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum: May be linked to infertility, prostatitis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes
How is the PCR Test Done?
The PCR test detects the DNA of Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma in:
- Urine samples (commonly used in men)
- Vaginal, cervical, or urethral swabs (for women or symptomatic individuals)
Symptoms of Infection
Many infections are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Burning sensation during urination
- Urethral or vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Prostatitis symptoms in men
Who Should Get Tested?
- Individuals with unexplained urogenital symptoms
- People with persistent or recurrent STIs
- Infertility workups
- Before assisted reproductive procedures
Test Results Explained
- Positive: Bacterial DNA detected; treatment needed
- Negative: No infection detected
Treatment Options
These infections are treated with specific antibiotics such as:
- Doxycycline
- Azithromycin (for Mycoplasma)
- Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin (in resistant cases)
Sexual partners should also be tested and treated to avoid reinfection.
Complications if Left Untreated
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Infertility
- Miscarriage or preterm birth
- Chronic urethritis or prostatitis
Prevention Tips
- Use protection during sexual activity (condoms)
- Limit number of sexual partners
- Get regular STI screenings
- Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics
Conclusion
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections often go undiagnosed due to mild or no symptoms. PCR testing offers a precise diagnosis, helping protect fertility and sexual health. If you have symptoms or are at risk, speak with your healthcare provider about testing.