Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2 IgG/IgM): Testing & Diagnosis
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a common viral infection that exists in two types: HSV-1 (typically causes oral herpes) and HSV-2 (commonly causes genital herpes). Many people carry the virus without knowing it, making testing essential for sexual health awareness.
What are IgG and IgM Antibody Tests?
The HSV IgG and IgM tests are blood tests used to detect antibodies your immune system produces in response to a herpes infection.
- IgM: Indicates a recent or active herpes infection
- IgG: Shows past exposure or long-term infection with HSV-1 or HSV-2
Why Get Tested?
- You have symptoms like cold sores, genital sores, or itching
- Your partner has tested positive for herpes
- You want a complete STI screening before a new relationship or pregnancy
Common Symptoms of Herpes
Many people are asymptomatic, but symptoms may include:
- Blisters or sores on the mouth or genitals
- Itching or burning sensation
- Painful urination (genital herpes)
- Fever and body aches during the first outbreak
How the Test is Performed
A healthcare provider takes a blood sample from a vein. The sample is tested for IgG and IgM antibodies specific to HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Understanding Test Results
- IgM Positive: May indicate a recent herpes infection, but can sometimes be inaccurate.
- IgG Positive for HSV-1 or HSV-2: Suggests a past or current infection.
- Negative: No antibodies detected — likely no infection.
Accuracy & Limitations
IgG testing is generally more accurate than IgM. However, false positives or negatives may occur. Confirmatory testing like PCR may be required if symptoms are present.
Treatment & Management
There is no cure for herpes, but antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir, valacyclovir) help manage symptoms, reduce outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission.
Prevention Tips
- Use condoms during sexual activity
- Avoid sexual contact during active outbreaks
- Communicate openly with partners about STI status
Takeaway
Herpes testing with IgG and IgM is a simple blood test that offers valuable insights into your sexual health. If you’re at risk or have symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider about getting tested.