Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel: A Comprehensive Guide
Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel are commonly combined in oral contraceptive pills to help prevent pregnancy. This combination of hormones works together to regulate the menstrual cycle and offer reliable birth control.
What is Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel Used For?
- Prevention of pregnancy
- Regulation of menstrual cycles
- Reduction of menstrual cramps
- Improvement of acne in some women
- Management of excessive hair growth (hirsutism) in women
How Does Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel Work?
This combination contraceptive works through two primary mechanisms:
- Inhibiting ovulation (prevents the release of an egg from the ovaries)
- Thickening the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg
Additionally, these hormones alter the lining of the uterus to make it less suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg.
How to Take Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel
This contraceptive is typically taken in pill form. The pill is taken once daily at the same time every day. A typical pack consists of 21 active pills (containing hormones) and 7 inactive pills (placebos), taken in a 28-day cycle.
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Breast tenderness
- Headaches or migraines
- Changes in weight or appetite
- Spotting or breakthrough bleeding between periods
Though these side effects are often mild, if they persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider. More serious side effects, such as chest pain, vision changes, or leg swelling, require immediate medical attention.
Who Should Not Use Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel?
- Women who smoke and are over 35 years old
- People with a history of blood clots, stroke, or heart disease
- Women with uncontrolled high blood pressure or liver disease
- Those who are pregnant or suspect they might be
FAQs: Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel
1. Does Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel help with acne?
Yes, this combination can improve acne for some women, as it regulates hormone levels that contribute to acne formation.
2. What if I miss a pill?
If you miss a pill, follow the instructions provided with your pill pack. Missing pills can increase the risk of pregnancy, so it’s important to take action quickly.
3. Is Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel effective immediately?
No, it typically takes 7 days for the pill to be fully effective if you start taking it on the first day of your period. If you start at another time, use a backup method for the first 7 days.
4. Can I use Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel long term?
Yes, most women can use this contraceptive method long-term with regular medical check-ups. Discuss with your doctor if you experience any issues or side effects.
5. Are there any serious side effects to watch for?
While rare, serious side effects like blood clots, stroke, or heart attack can occur. Seek immediate medical help if you experience chest pain, difficulty breathing, or severe headaches.
Sources / Scientific References
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel Prescribing Information](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020678s045lbl.pdf)
- Planned Parenthood. [Birth Control Pills](https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill)
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). [Hormonal Contraception](https://www.acog.org)
- Mayo Clinic. [Birth Control Pills: How They Work](https://www.mayoclinic.org)