🧪 Hepatitis B (HBsAg) Test: What You Need to Know

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What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer.

What is the HBsAg Test?

The HBsAg test (Hepatitis B surface antigen test) is used to detect the presence of the Hepatitis B virus in the blood. The test checks for a protein on the surface of the virus (HBsAg), which is the earliest indicator of an active Hepatitis B infection.

Why is This Test Important?

  • Early detection helps prevent the spread of the virus.
  • It helps doctors decide on treatment plans.
  • It’s also a screening test for:
    • Blood donors
    • Pregnant women
    • People at high risk of HBV

When Should You Get Tested?

You should get tested for Hepatitis B if you:

  • Have had unprotected sex
  • Share needles or syringes
  • Live with someone who has Hepatitis B
  • Are pregnant
  • Are a healthcare worker
  • Were born in a country with a high rate of Hepatitis B
  • Have elevated liver enzymes

How is the Test Done?

  • A blood sample is taken from a vein.
  • No special preparation is needed.
  • Results are usually available within 1 to 2 days.

What Do the Results Mean?

  • Positive (Reactive): HBsAg is present → Active Hepatitis B infection
  • Negative (Non-Reactive): HBsAg is not detected → No infection, or infection is in a very early or resolved stage

Is Hepatitis B Curable?

  • Acute infections often resolve on their own.
  • Chronic Hepatitis B can’t be cured, but it can be managed with antiviral medications to reduce liver damage.

Prevention Tips

  • Get the Hepatitis B vaccine (safe and effective)
  • Avoid sharing needles or razors
  • Practice safe sex
  • Ensure screened blood in transfusions

🔬 Sources / Scientific References:

MedlinePlus. (2023). HBsAg Test

CDC. (2023). Hepatitis B Information

WHO. (2023). Hepatitis B Fact Sheet

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Hepatitis B Diagnosis

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